JavaScript is a scripting or programming language that allows you to implement complex functionality on web pages. When your webpage does more than just sit there and display static information; it has timely content updates, interactable maps, animated 2D/3D graphics, scrolling video jukeboxes, etc. , there is no doubt that JavaScript is involved. This is the third layer in the layer cake of web standards technologies, two of which (HTML and CSS) have been detailed elsewhere in the learning area.